federalism, a heavily coercive effort by a nondemocratic centralizing power to put together a multinational state, some of the components of which had previously been independent states. Bashar Abubakar Bukkuyum This is good 'nd thank you Blogger. Federalism was further adopted because the developed countries from which Nigeria borrowed democracy practice federalism. Political culture of Nigeria: 3.4 4. By using our site, you agree to our collection of information through the use of cookies. If you answer to the above questions is no, then you lucky to be here. Nigeria is quite a big country with an area of 923,768 km2. This helped to solve the problem of marginalization in the leadership. Instead of designing a government that should unite the different elements in Nigeria, the colonialists fully adopted federal stem of government in 1954 and created greater regional autonomy. Federalism in Nigeria can be traced to Sir Frederick Lord Lugard , when the Northern and Southern protectorates were amalgamated in 1914. +rohyC ! 9S ) ?roh _ O4C sR & Pf?? AK kyC?& Pf;_Hu j_ G$: 5/ Nigeria can be said to be operating the federal system of government, whereas in actual practice, the country is tending towards a unitary system. There is a general opinion that Nigeria was formed because of the interest of the British and they had to govern the country under a federation system. In recent times, specifically in post 2015 general election, there have been new waves of agitations for the Biafra republic by both Movement for Actualization of Sovereign State of Biafra and Indigenous People of Biafra on one hand and for Niger Delta republic by Niger Delta Avengers on the other, added to terrorism and militancy that are already threatening Nigeria fragile state. Federalism will shape the long-term health and economic impacts of COVID-19, including plans for the future, for at least two reasons: First, federalism exacerbates inequities, as some states have a history of underinvesting in social programs, especially in certain communities. Federalism therefore involves the linkage of individuals, groups and policies in lasting but limited union in such a way as to provide for the energetic pursuit of common goals while maintaining the respective integrities of all parties. The size of Nigeria is therefore managed and maintained with federalism. Notify me of follow-up comments by email. Federalism in Nigeria can be traced to Sir Frederick Lord Lugard, when the Northern and Southern protectorates were amalgamated in 1914. From the onset, Nigeria, like most of her federating peers, has faced one major challenge in the course of her political voyage - the crisis of who is who. Ordinarily and without much logicality, by who is who, one means the problematic and destructive component of identity. Your email address will not be published. It submits that the problem with constitutionalism in Nigeria is poor leadership and poor implementation of the Constitution. Federalism is a defined or is said to be the system where powers are shared between central and regional governments so that each is in a sphere coordinate and are independent. Federalism is a mixed form of government where there is a general government always known as the central or federal government and regional governments which could be provincial or states governments. 4 Topics . /Parent 2 0 R The availability of resources in a particular region and the need for that area to control the resources has also been seen as a reason for a federal system in Nigeria. 33 The Marriage Act, Laws of the Federation of Nigeria, 1990, sec 18 specifically stipulates: "If either party to an intended marriage, not being a Consent widower or widow, is under twenty-one years of age, the written consent of the father, or if he be dead or of unsound mind or absent from Nigeria, of the mother, or if both be dead or of unsound mind or absent from Nigeria, of the . Nigeria is confronted to the boomerang effects of the evolution of its federalism. Since 1954 successively Nigerian constitution had adopted the federal system of government without much emphasis on the unity or disunity it has accorded to Nigeria. Send the Following Details on WhatsApp ( 08143831497) After Payment. "There are reasons why some nation-states opt for federalism. Each document posted on the site includes a link to the corresponding official PDF file on govinfo.gov. Multi-Ethnicity Nigeria is a country with a lot of ethnic groups. 7 Cooperative federalism was dominant from the 1930s through the 1970s. This was many times more the population of most African countries then. >> POL 124 MAIN CONTENT Mar 21, 2011 NEW (1), Resource Control, Federalism and Peace in the Niger Delta: A Reflection on Nigeria at Fifty, Federalism and Revenue Allocation in Nigeria: A Critical Evaluation of the Derivation Principle, Legal Framework for Fiscal Federalism: Issues and Options for Reform, RESOURCE CONTROL, REVENUE ALLOCATION AND PETROLEUM POLITICS IN NIGERIA: THE NIGER DELTA QUESTION, Intergovernmental Fiscal Relations in Nigeria's Fourth Republic: Issues and Challenges, The Nigerian State and the Quest for Restructuring: Implications for Democratic Consolidation, Federalism, Democracy and Constitutionalism: The Nigerian Experience. At the heart of these crises are weak democratic institutions, which are sustained by bad leadership and a culture of impunity. READ ALSO: Reasons for political apathy in Nigeria, Get the hottest stories from the largest news site in Nigeria. As I have already explained, Nigeria is an amalgamation of three different regions with beliefs and customs. Federalism And Intergovernmental Relations In Nigeria. We can offhandedly list all of the reasons for the adoption of federal system in Nigeria. In this article, I will elucidate and discuss with references the reasons for the adoption of federalism in Nigeria. The constitution emphasized areas of authority between the central government and the regions. Nigeria's independence was gotten and founded on the basis of a federalist system of Government. Other specific reasons for the increasing demand for decentralisation are: Central governments increasingly are finding that it is impossible for them to . Reasons for Federalism 3.1 Reasons for a federal order rather than separate states or secession 3.2 Reasons for preferring federal orders over a unitary state 4. sir Arthur Richards strengthened this proposal in 1945 and regionalism was introduced by his administration in 1946. +rohyC ! 9S ) ?roh _ O4C sR & Pf?? AK kyC?& Pf;_Hu j_ G$: 5/ Have you ever wondered why Nigeria is practicing a federal system of government and not any other system? So for effective governance of a country of this big size, federalism has to be adopted. The advanced economies where Nigeria had borrowed leaves from, such as USA practice federalism. Emphasis on indigeneity, the federal revenue allocation formula and the increasing formalization of the 'federal character' principle, to mention only a few issues, increase sources of tensions and potential conflicts. First, how to properly place peoples, better still - indigenes and ethnic groupings, in their relevant socio-economic categories; that is, in line with the oil windfalls. (Tanzi, 1996). Unity of the country: 3.3 3. The powers that exist between the federal and state government also depends on the constitution. Policy Brief on the agitation for cessation of Biafra republic from the Nigerian state, response to the agitation and the options to address the issues. /F5 18 0 R In the case of Nigeria - how the oil money will be (in)judiciously dealt with. Arabian Journal of Business and Management Review (Nigerian Chapter), Abstract: The Nigeria civil war (1967-1970) provoked by declaration of Biafra republic had indelible imprint on Nigeria state. The crux of the matter is that the minorities fear the domination of the majorities, but federalism allows them some independent existence, and as such, their fears, both real and fancied, are allayed. INTERNAL COLONIALISM IN NIGERIA Some of the reasons for the adoption of federalism in Nigeria are the diversity of the nation and the desire for political, cultural and social identity of a people of over 250 ethnic groups, several languages, diversities and a lot of political traditions; the desire for some form of The Journal of Pan African Studies, vol.8, no.2, . This is so because where federal principles apply, the various ethnic groups that cannot or dont form majority to produce large part may have the opportunity of governing themselves within their federating unit controlled by them. The states were later increased to 30 states. For instance, such noun phrases like: nationality, nation, citizenship, identity, ethnicity, ethnic group, indigene, state of origin, etc, are inherently conflict laden, with abundant intellectual understandings. It should be noted, however, that the Leagues significantly differ from modern federations in one respect: namely, while the various governments freely interacted, no prosperous direct contact between the populace of the various governments was permitted. Olawale Olaopa, Ibikunle Ogundari, Mike Awoleye and Willie Siyanbola, Nigeria Quasi Federalism: An Obstacle To Peace And Development In Nigeria, FEDERAL BALANCING IN NIGERIA: A PARADIGM FOR SUSTAINABLE DEMOCRACY, DECENTRALIZING PUBLIC SECTOR COLLECTIVE BARGAINING AND THE CONTRADICTIONS OF FEDERAL PRACTICE IN NIGERIA, The National Assembly, Constitution Amendment and Civil Society Expectations, True Federalism in Nigeria: A Political Discourse, Re-regionalization and Fiscal Federalism: The Panacea for Accelerated National Development in Nigeria, REPORT OF NIGERIA'S 2014 NATIONAL DIALOGUE, Politics, Power. document.getElementById( "ak_js_1" ).setAttribute( "value", ( new Date() ).getTime() ); Reasons for the Adoption of Federalism in Nigeria. This is also one of the reasons for federal system of government in Nigeria. Nigeria are typically inclined to the derivation principle, which is the process of distributing centrally generated revenue to constituent units with regards to the contribution made by a group to the country's more 12substantial income. was federalism friendly and that gave rise to easy adoption of . Required fields are marked *. In order to examine these issues, this paper adopted qualitative research and intrinsic approach methodology, along with relative deprivation theory. It is believed by many that this was one of the reasons why Nigeria adopted a federalist system. 74 . Evidently, Nigerias political culture was federalism friendly and that gave rise to easy adoption of federalism. Historical experience 3.2 2. Fiscal Federalism and Democratic Governance in Nigeria - I. O. Taiwo 2004 Put differently, revenue sharing has become a recurrent crisis factor in Nigeria. << CLICK HERE To Pay With Debit Card ($15) GHANA - Make Payment of 80 GHS to MTN MoMo, 0553978005, Douglas Osabutey. Keywords: Federalism, Nigeria, ethnic groups, federal character principle . Unfortunately, to suit their interests and political agenda, the federal and state governments over time immemorial have maintained great level of . The states too have no resources for development but depended on federal grants. It allows for popular participation in politics at every level of government. Federalism is a system of government where there are a decentralization power and autonomy of governance to the regional or federated states that share sovereignty with the Federal Government. Everybody would likely agree that the conscious awareness and awakening of the course of who is who invariably determines who gets what, perhaps when and how. 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